Vejiga hiperactiva

Muchas personas encuentran alivio realizando algunos ajustes en sus hábitos diarios. Estos cambios pueden ayudar a calmar su vejiga, mejorar el control y reducir la urgencia.

• Changing your diet: Some foods and drinks can irritate the bladder and make symptoms worse. These may include caffeine, alcohol, spicy foods, citrus, artificial sweeteners and carbonated drinks. Avoiding or cutting back on these can help
• Bladder training: This involves gradually increasing the time between bathroom visits to help your bladder hold more urine. It may also include scheduled bathroom trips, even if you don’t feel the urge to go
• Maintaining bowel regularity: Constipation can put extra pressure on your bladder, which can make symptoms worse. Eating more fiber, drinking plenty of water and staying active can help keep your bowels moving regularly
• Managing your weight: Excess weight can put pressure on your bladder and pelvic floor muscles. Losing even a small amount of weight can help reduce leaks and urgency
• Stop using tobacco products: Smoking can irritate the bladder and increase your risk of coughing, which can worsen leakage. Quitting smoking can support better bladder health

Terapia de suelo pélvico is a helpful treatment for OAB symptoms like urgency and leakage. It works by strengthening and relaxing the muscles that control urination. A trained therapist will teach you exercises, like Kegels and use techniques like biofeedback to help improve muscle control.

La mayoría de las personas ven una mejora después de seis a 12 sesiones. Su terapeuta personalizará el plan para adaptarse a sus necesidades y controlará su progreso.

Si los cambios en el estilo de vida y la terapia no funcionan, su médico puede prescribirle medicamentos. Estos medicamentos suelen funcionar ayudando a que su vejiga se relaje y retenga más orina. Los medicamentos para tratar la vejiga hiperactiva se pueden tomar en forma de pastillas, geles o parches cutáneos. Su médico le explicará los beneficios y los posibles efectos secundarios.

Los medicamentos para tratar la vejiga hiperactiva incluyen:

• Anticholinergic or antimuscarinic drugs: These help your bladder muscles relax. They include fesoterodine, oxybutynin and solifenacin.
• Beta-3 adrenergic agonists: These include mirabegron and vibegron, which also work by relaxing your bladder to prevent urgent or uncontrolled urination.
• Combination therapy: Your doctor might recommend combining both types of medications if one on its own is not enough to relieve your symptoms.
• Botulinum toxin: This medication works by relaxing your bladder muscles to reduce feelings of urgency. Your doctor can provide these treatments in their office. The effects can last up to 12 months.

Si los cambios en el estilo de vida, la terapia del suelo pélvico o los medicamentos no han ayudado a aliviar los síntomas de su OAB, su médico podría sugerirle la estimulación nerviosa, también llamada neuromodulación. Este tratamiento utiliza impulsos eléctricos suaves para ayudar a que su cerebro y su vejiga se comuniquen mejor. Puede reducir la frecuencia con la que necesita ir, los impulsos repentinos y las fugas.

Existen dos tipos principales de estimulación nerviosa:

• Sacral nerve stimulation (SNS): This involves placing a small device under the skin near your lower back. It sends electrical signals to the sacral nerves, which help control bladder function. You’ll first try a temporary version to see if it improves your symptoms. If it works, your doctor may place a long-term device during a simple outpatient procedure.
• Percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS): This is a non-surgical option done in your doctor’s office. A thin needle is placed near a nerve in your ankle and mild pulses are sent to your lower spine. Each session takes about 30 minutes and treatments are usually done weekly for 12 weeks.

Ambos métodos son seguros y pueden ser buenas opciones si otros tratamientos no han funcionado. Su médico le ayudará a elegir el adecuado en función de sus necesidades y objetivos.

La cirugía no es común para la vejiga hiperactiva, pero puede ser una opción si nada más ayuda y los síntomas son graves. Su médico le explicará los riesgos, el tiempo de recuperación y qué esperar.

• Cystoplasty (bladder augmentation): This procedure increases the size of your bladder by using part of your small intestine.
• Urinary diversion: This surgery can divert the path of urine out of your body if your bladder no longer functions as it should. This can involve a replacement bladder, or neobladder, or a stoma, which is a hole in your abdominal wall.